Notes in Fundamental Processes

Unit 3- Fundamental Processes

Topics 

  1. DNA replication, repair and recombination
    1. Unit of replication
    2. Enzymes involved
    3. Replication origin
    4. Replication fork
    5. Fidelity of replication
    6. Extrachromosomal replicons
    7. DNA damage and repair mechanisms
  2. RNA synthesis and processing
    1. Transcription factors and machinery
    2. Formation of initiation complex
    3. Transcription activators and repressors
    4. RNA polymerases
    5. Capping
    6. Elongation
    7. Termination
    8. RNA processing
    9. RNA editing
    10. Splicing
    11. Polyadenylation
    12. Structure and function of different types of RNA
    13. RNA transport
  3. Protein synthesis and processing
    1. Ribosome
    2. Formation of initiation complex
    3. Initiation factors and their regulation
    4. Elongation and elongation factors
    5. Termination
    6. Genetic code
    7. Aminoacylation of tRNA
    8. tRNA-identity
    9. Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
    10. Translational
    11. Proof-reading
    12. Translational inhibitors
    13. Post- translational modification of proteins.
  4. Control of gene expression at transcription and translation level
    1. Regulation of gene expression in
      1. Phages
      2. Viruses
      3. Prokaryotic
      4. Eukaryotic
    2. Role of chromatin in regulating gene expression
    3. Gene silencing

DNA Replicates in 5' to 3' direction not 3' to 5'

An oft-cited piece of evidence for the common origin of life is the observation that all living organisms use similar enzymes that synthesize nucleotide polymers in the same, direction to produce copies of their genetic information. The question is why such a polymerase is not currently found anywhere in nature.
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